Older and married participants felt less stressed than younger and unmarried participants. Perceived stress decreased with higher education, income and employment status. Regarding demographic variables, women reported a higher level of stress than men. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a bi-dimensional structure with two related latent factors. Perceived stress was consistently associated with depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and reduced life satisfaction. The results demonstrated a good internal consistency and construct validity. The PSS-10 and standardized scales of depression, anxiety, fatigue, procrastination and life satisfaction were administered to a representative, randomly selected German community sample consisting of 1315 females and 1148 male participants in the age range from 14 to 90 years. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the PSS-10, and to provide norm values for the German population. However, the German version of the PSS-10 has not yet been validated. The Perceived Stress Scale Cohen (J Health Soc Behav 24:385-96, 1983) is a widely and well-established self-report scale measuring perceived stress.
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